PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATES WITH
TANDUR TILE DUST
WHY
REPLACING?
Construction industries of developing
countries are in stress to replace natural sand in concrete by an alternate
material either partially or completely without compromising the quality of
concrete. On the other hand, the advantages of utilization of by products or
aggregates obtained as waste materials are pronounced in the aspects of
reduction in environmental load & waste management cost, reduction of
production cost as well as augmenting the quality of concrete.
UTILIZATION
OF BY-PRODUCTS IN CONCRETE:
In the past good attempts have been made
for the successful utilization of various industrial by products (such as fly
ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, foundry waste) to save environmental
pollution. At present the cost of sand and stone are higher because the
material has been reducing day by day and the pumping of sand from the river
banks has been increasing which affects the environment and create
environmental problems. In this context, fine aggregate has been replaced by
tandur tile dust. As a result reasonable studies have been conducted to find
the suitability of by product i.e. tandur tile dust in conventional concrete.
However, recycled concrete aggregate, fly ash, blast furnace slag, as well as
several types of manufactured aggregates have been studied by many researchers.
EFFECT
OF TANDUR TILE DUST:
High percentage of dust in the aggregate
increases the fineness and the total surface area of aggregate particles. The
surface area is measured in terms of specific surface, i.e. the ratio of the
total surface area of all the particles to their volume. The present study is
intended to study the effects of tandur dust addition in conventional concrete
and to assess the rate of compressive strength development for different tandur
tile dust to coarse aggregate ratio. This research has aimed to study about
compressive strength of the concrete using tandur tile dust as fine aggregate
to replace sand. The main objective is to provide more information about the
effects of various proportion of dust content as partial replacement of crushed
stone fine aggregate on workability, air content, compressive strength, tensile
strength, absorption percentage of concrete.
Sieve
analysis:
There
are totally 4 zones of sand I, II, III, IV depending on the code IS: 383-1970.
It must be remembered that the grading of fine aggregates has much greater
effect on workability of concrete than the grading of coarse aggregate.
Experience has shown that usually very coarse sand or very fine sand is unsatisfactory
for concrete making. The coarse sand results in harshness, bleeding and
segregation, and the fine sand requires a comparatively greater amount of water
to produce the necessary fluidity. sand is from zone II and the corrections are
applied at last depending upon the actual zoning of sand.
The
corrections applied for the amount of sand in the total aggregates are
+1.5%
for zone I
-1.5%
for zone III
-3.0%
for zone IV
TEST
RESULTS: Table:
3.2.1. Sieve analysis of Sand
S.no
|
Weight of sand (gm)
|
% passing through 600 µ
|
Zone
|
1
|
1000
|
75.8
|
I
|
4 Specific gravity test:
Specific gravity test is done to determine the
specific gravity of aggregate. The apparatus used in this test are
balance, two soft and absorbent clothes, Pycnometer, shallow tray. Specific
Gravity is the ratio of the mass in air of given volume of dry soil solids to
the mass of equal volume of distilled water at 4 o C. It can also be
defined as the ratio of unit weight of soil solids to that of water.
Where M1 = Mass of empty pycnometer.
M2 = Mass of pycnometer + Sand
grains.
M3 = Mass of
empty pycnometer + Sand grains +water.
M4 = Mass of empty
pycnometer + water.
.
S.N
|
Weight of empty bottle
(W1) gms
|
Weight of empty bottle + sample
(W2) gms
|
Weight of empty bottle + sample+
Water
(W3) gms
|
Weight of empty bottle+
Water
(W4) gms
|
Specific Gravity
|
1
|
628
|
1032
|
1770
|
1526
|
2.525
|
2
|
628
|
1002
|
1754
|
1524
|
2.59
|
3
|
628
|
1024
|
1768
|
1528
|
2.535
|
TESTRESULTS:
Specific gravity
of fine aggregate = 2.55.
Test results of Sand:
Table:
3.2.3. Test results of Sand.
S.No.
|
Test Conducted
|
Test Result
|
1
|
Sieve analysis of sand
|
Zone-II
|
2
|
Moisture content
|
2%
|
3
|
Bulk age of sand
|
8.667
|
4
|
Specific gravity
|
2.55
|
TESTS
ON TANDUR TILE DUST:
Tandur tile dust,
a by-product from the crushing process during construction activities. Tandur tile dust was obtained from telangana,
india
S.no
|
Weight of empty bottle
(W1)
gms
|
Weight of empty bottle + sample
(W2) gms
|
Weight of empty bottle + sample+
Water
(W3) gms
|
Weight of empty bottle+
Water
(W4) gms
|
Specific Gravity
|
1
|
630
|
1100
|
1824
|
1514
|
2.93
|
2
|
630
|
1026
|
1772
|
1514
|
2.87
|
3
|
630
|
1056
|
1812
|
1512
|
2.90
|
Fig. Tandur tiles
. Sieve analysis:
Sieve analysis is
the name given to the operation of dividing a sample of tandur tile dust into
various fractions each consisting of the particles of same size. The sieve
analysis is conducted to determine the particle size distribution in a sample
of tandur tile dust, which we call gradation. The tandur tile dust used for making concrete are
normally of the maximum size 80 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 600
µ, 300 µ, 150 µ. The tandur tile dust fractions from 80 mm to 4.75 mm are
termed as coarse aggregate and those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 micron are
termed as fine aggregate. The sample is sieved by using a set of IS Sieves. On
completion of sieving, the material on each sieve is weighed. Cumulative weight
passing through each sieve is calculated as a percentage of the total sample
weight. Fineness modulus is obtained by adding cumulative percentage of
aggregates retained on each sieve and dividing the sum by 100.
TEST RESULTS:
Table:
. Sieve analysis of Tandur tile dust
S.no
|
Weight of Tandur tile dust (gm)
|
% passing through 150 µ
|
1
|
1000
|
10.4
|
Specific gravity test:
This test is done
to determine the specific gravity of tandur tile dust. The apparatus used in
the test balance, two soft and absorbent clothes, pycnometer, shallow tray. A
sample of 5 kg is taken for coarse aggregate and 1kg sample is taken for fine
aggregate and is dried under room temperature.
Where M1 = Mass
of empty pycnometer.
M2
= Mass of pycnometer +Tandur tile dust.
M3
= Mass of empty pycnometer + Tandur tile dust + water.
M4 = Mass of empty
pycnometer + water.
Table:
3.3.2. Specific Gravity of Tandur tile dust
TEST
RESULTS:
Specific gravity of Tandur tile Dust = 2.90.
Test results of Tandur tile dust:
Table:
3.3.3. Test results of Tandur tile dust
S.No.
|
Test Conducted
|
Test Result
|
1
|
Sieve analysis of Tandur tile dust
|
10.4% passing
through 150 µ
|
2
|
Specific gravity
|
2.90
|
4. MIX DESIGN
4.1 DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS:
Before
having any concrete mixing, the selection of mix materials and their required
materials proportion must be done through a process called mix design. In the
present study IS method has been adopted and altogether five proportions of mixtures were determined. The grade of
concrete is M30.
Mix design for M30 grade:
The
concrete mix design has been done as per IS method for w/c = 0.45 & 0.5
S.NO
|
INGREDIENT
|
QUANTITY
|
1
|
CEMENT
|
425.733
kg/m3
|
2
|
FINE AGGREGATE
|
542.68
kg/m3
|
3
|
COARSE
AGGREGATE
|
1123.66
kg/m3
|
4
|
WATER
|
191.58
liters
|
Details of materials:
•
Grade of concrete – M30
•
Type of cement – OPC 53 grade
•
Maximum nominal size of Coarse aggregate –
20mm
•
Exposure condition – Severe
•
Degree of Supervision – good
•
Type of aggregate – Angular aggregate
Assuming state of surface to be SSD (Surface Saturated Dry state)
Test data of materials:
•
Specific gravity of OPC- 2.62
•
Specific gravity of Natural Sand – 2.55
•
Specific gravity of Tandur tile dust – 2.9
•
Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate – 2.72
•
Water absorption of sand – 2%.
•
Water absorption of coarse aggregate – 0.5%.
•
Free moisture content of sand – 2%.
•
Free moisture content of coarse aggregate –
nil
Sieve analysis:
•
Sand – Conforming to
zone-II of IS 383-1970
•
Aggregate 20 mm nominal size
QUANTITY
OF MATERIALS:
• Obtained
Ratio = 1:1.275:2.64•Table: 4.1.1. Quantity of materials for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
S.NO
|
INGREDIENT
|
QUANTITY
|
1
|
CEMENT
|
425.733 kg/m3
|
2
|
FINE AGGREGATE
|
542.68 kg/m3
|
3
|
COARSE AGGREGATE
|
1123.66 kg/m3
|
4
|
WATER
|
191.58 liters
|
QUANTITY OF MATERIALS:
Obtained Ratio = 1:1.275:2.64
Table:
4.1.1. Quantity
of materials for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
2 MIXING OF CONCRETE
The performance of concrete is
influenced by proper mixing. And good practice of mixing can lead to better
performance and good quality of concrete. The design of M30 grade concrete was
taken from IS10262-2009. In the present study, the mixing was done in a
mechanical drum mixer of 60lts capacity.
TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE
Workability of concrete:
Workability is
defined as the “property of concrete which determines the amount of useful
internal work necessary to produce full compaction”.
Another definition which envelopes a
wider meaning is that, it is defined as the “ease with which concrete can be
compacted 100% having regard to mode of compaction and place of deposition”.
Workability can be determined by
several tests as indicated below:
1. Slump
test
2. Compaction
factor test
3. TEST
RESULTS:
Table: 5.1.1.
Slump Values of Tandur tile dust
Concrete for M20 grade of concrete
S.No.
|
W/C ratio
|
% of FA replaced by Tandur tile dust
|
Slump (mm)
|
1
|
0.45
|
0
|
6
|
2
|
0.45
|
20
|
6
|
3
|
0.45
|
30
|
6
|
4
|
0.45
|
40
|
10
|
5
|
0.45
|
50
|
15
|
4.
Table: 5.1.2.
Slump Values of Tandur tile dust Concrete for M20 grade of concrete
S.No.
|
W/C ratio
|
% of FA replaced by Tandur tile dust
|
Slump (mm)
|
1
|
0.5
|
0
|
6
|
2
|
0.5
|
20
|
8
|
3
|
0.5
|
30
|
7
|
4
|
0.5
|
40
|
8
|
5
|
0.5
|
50
|
9
|
Table:
5.1.5. Slump Values of Tandur tile dust Concrete for M30 grade of
concrete
S.No.
|
W/C ratio
|
% of FA replaced by Tandur tile dust
|
Slump (mm)
|
1
|
0.45
|
0
|
6
|
2
|
0.45
|
20
|
8.5
|
3
|
0.45
|
30
|
6
|
4
|
0.45
|
40
|
6
|
5
|
0.45
|
50
|
6
|
Table: 5.1.6.
Slump Values of Tandur tile dust
Concrete for M30 grade of concrete
S.No.
|
W/C ratio
|
% of FA replaced
by Tandur tile
dust
|
Slump (mm)
|
1
|
0.5
|
0
|
10
|
2
|
0.5
|
20
|
13
|
3
|
0.5
|
30
|
15
|
4
|
0.5
|
40
|
9
|
5
|
0.5
|
50
|
10
|
Compaction factor test:
This test is done
to determine the workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test as per
IS: 1199 - 1959.
TEST RESULTS:
Table:
5.1.7. Compaction factor for M20 grade
of concrete (w/c=0.45).
% of tandur tile dust
|
Weight of partially
compacted concrete (w1)
|
Weight of fully compacted concrete (w2)
|
Compac-ting
factor=w1/w2
|
0
|
18.684
|
19.924
|
0.93
|
20
|
18.164
|
20.146
|
0.90
|
30
|
17.516
|
20.128
|
0.87
|
40
|
16.960
|
20.120
|
0.84
|
50
|
16.814
|
20.236
|
0.83
|
Table:
5.1.8. Compaction factor for M20 grade
of concrete
(w/c=0.5)
% of tandur tile dust
|
Weight of partially
compacted concrete (w1)
|
Weight of fully compacted concrete (w2)
|
Compac-ting
factor=w1/w2
|
0
|
21.2
|
22.092
|
0.95
|
20
|
18.894
|
19.924
|
0.94
|
30
|
18.784
|
20.004
|
0.93
|
40
|
18.470
|
20.236
|
0.90
|
50
|
18.292
|
20.334
|
0.89
|
Table: 5.1.11.
Compaction factor for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
% of tandur tile dust
|
Weight of partially compacted concrete (w1)
|
Weight of
fully compacted concrete (w2)
|
Compac-ting factor=w1/w2
|
0
|
17.95
|
19.25
|
0.93
|
20
|
18.166
|
19.730
|
0.92
|
30
|
17.524
|
19.904
|
0.88
|
40
|
17.490
|
19.765
|
0.88
|
50
|
17.332
|
19.876
|
0.87
|
Table: 5.1.12.
Compaction factor for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
% of tandur tile dust
|
Weight of partially compacted concrete (w1)
|
Weight of
fully compacted concrete (w2)
|
Compac-ting factor=w1/w2
|
0
|
19.395
|
19.885
|
0.97
|
20
|
18.960
|
20.216
|
0.94
|
30
|
18.845
|
20.06
|
0.93
|
40
|
18.890
|
20.105
|
0.93
|
50
|
17.439
|
19.874
|
0.87
|
5.2
TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE
Concrete is a mixture of cement, water,
fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Normally concrete is strong in compression
and weak in tension. In the design of concrete structures, engineers usually
refer to the hardened state properties like compressive strength, flexural
strength and split tensile strength of concrete.
In the present study, experimental
investigations were conducted to determine compressive strength and split
tensile strength of concrete specimens made with three different proportions
(OPC+ River sand, OPC + Stone dust) and cured by conventional wet curing.
5.2.1. DESTRUCTIVE TESTS:
A.
Compression test:
This test is done to determine the
compressive strength of concrete specimens as per IS: 516- 1959. It is the most
common test conducted on hardened concrete, partly because it is an easy test
to perform, and partly because most of the desirable characteristic properties
of concrete are qualitatively related to its compression strength
M20 GRADE OF
CONCRETE WITH 0% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND [Cubes]:
Size
of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.1.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.788
|
720
|
2
|
8.74
|
900
|
3
|
8.814
|
940
|
Average
|
8.78
|
853.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive Strength [N/mm2]
|
28 Days
|
853.3
|
8.78
|
37.93
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 0% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND [Cubes]:
Size
of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.2.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.567
|
580
|
2
|
8.83
|
590
|
3
|
8.492
|
570
|
Average
|
8.629
|
580
|
Time
of curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28 Days
|
8.629
|
580
|
25.98
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 20% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND [Cubes]:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.3.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.570
|
920
|
2
|
8.646
|
730
|
3
|
8.548
|
910
|
Average
|
8.588
|
853.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28 days
|
853.33
|
8.588
|
37.93
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 20% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x
0.15m
Table: 5.2.4.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.756
|
810
|
2
|
8.914
|
770
|
3
|
8.498
|
780
|
Average
|
8.722
|
786.667
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28 days
|
853.33
|
8.588
|
37.93
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 30% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size
of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.5.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.978
|
900
|
2
|
8.98
|
850
|
3
|
8.920
|
810
|
Average
|
8.95
|
853.3
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive Strength
[N/mm2]
|
28 days
|
853.3
|
8.95
|
37.92
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 30% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x
0.15m
Table: 5.2.6.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5)
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.720
|
890
|
2
|
8.828
|
650
|
3
|
8.888
|
910
|
Average
|
8.812
|
816.66
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
816.667
|
8.812
|
36.29
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 40% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table:
5.2.7. Compressive Strength for M20
grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
9.072
|
910
|
2
|
8.66
|
870
|
3
|
8.754
|
940
|
Average
|
8.82
|
906.66
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
906.66
|
8.82
|
40.29
|
M20 GRADE OF
CONCRETE WITH 40% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.8.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.802
|
840
|
2
|
8.804
|
710
|
3
|
8.612
|
660
|
Average
|
8.739
|
850
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
850
|
8.739
|
37.74
|
M20 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 50% TANDUR DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.9.
Compressive Strength for M20 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.922
|
900
|
2
|
8.66
|
910
|
3
|
8.91
|
860
|
Average
|
8.83
|
890
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
890
|
8.83
|
39.5
|
M20 GRADE OF
CONCRETE WITH 50% TANDUR DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table:
5.2.10. Compressive Strength for M20
grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.722
|
610
|
2
|
8.746
|
850
|
3
|
8.816
|
640
|
Average
|
8.761
|
736.66
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
700
|
8.761
|
32.79
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 0% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND [Cubes]:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.22.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.494
|
710
|
2
|
8.598
|
670
|
3
|
8.522
|
710
|
Average
|
8.538
|
696.67
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
696.67
|
8.538
|
30.96
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 20% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.23.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.322
|
830
|
2
|
8.770
|
960
|
3
|
8.655
|
800
|
Average
|
8.582
|
863.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
863.33
|
8.582
|
38.37
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 20% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.24.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.675
|
780
|
2
|
8.865
|
620
|
3
|
8.825
|
780
|
Average
|
8.788
|
726.67
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
726.67
|
8.788
|
32.29
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 30% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.25.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.795
|
850
|
2
|
8.367
|
830
|
3
|
8.728
|
900
|
Average
|
8.63
|
860
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
860
|
8.63
|
38.22
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 30% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND]:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.26.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
9.026
|
810
|
2
|
8.630
|
900
|
3
|
8.658
|
850
|
Average
|
8.771
|
853.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
860
|
8.63
|
38.22
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 40% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.27.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.823
|
910
|
2
|
8.568
|
910
|
3
|
8.655
|
890
|
Average
|
8.682
|
903.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
903.33
|
8.682
|
40.18
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 40% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.28.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.810
|
960
|
2
|
8.848
|
800
|
3
|
9.006
|
830
|
Average
|
8.888
|
863.3
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
863.3
|
8.888
|
38.33
|
M30 GRADE OF
CONCRETE WITH 50% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.29.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.45).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.66
|
910
|
2
|
8.884
|
880
|
3
|
8.726
|
890
|
Average
|
8.756
|
886.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
886.33
|
8.756
|
39.27
|
M30 GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH 50% TANDUR TILE DUST BY REPLACING SAND:
Size of cube = 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
Table: 5.2.30.
Compressive Strength for M30 grade of concrete (w/c=0.5).
Trial No
|
Weight Of Each
Specimen
|
Load On Each
Specimen (KN)
|
28 Days
|
28 Days
|
|
1
|
8.492
|
640
|
2
|
8.96
|
620
|
3
|
8.84
|
1000
|
Average
|
8.764
|
753.33
|
Time Of Curing
|
Average Load
|
Average Weight
|
Compressive
Strength [N/mm2]
|
28
days
|
753.33
|
8.764
|
33.27
|
RESULT:
The
compressive strength results of tandur tile dust concrete (cubes) obtained at
age of 28 days is
FOR M20 & W/C 0.45:
1.
For 0% Tandur tile dust Concrete =
37.93N/mm2.
2. For 20% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 37.92N/mm2.
3. For 30% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 37.92 N/mm2.
4. For 40% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 40.29 N/mm2.
5. For 50% Tandur tile dust Concrete = 39.55 N/mm2.
FOR M20 & W/C 0.5:
1.
For 0% Tandur tile dust Concrete =
25.98 N/mm2.
2. For 20% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 34.96 N/mm2.
3. For 30% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 36.29 N/mm2.
4. For 40% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 37.74 N/mm2.
5. For 50% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 32.79 N/mm2.
FOR M30 & W/C 0.45:
1.
For 0% Tandur tile dust Concrete =
36.59 N/mm2.
2. For 20% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 38.37 N/mm2.
3. For 20% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 38.22 N/mm2.
4. For 40% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 40.18 N/mm2.
5. For 50% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 39.27 N/mm2.
FOR M30 & W/C 0.5:
1.
For 0% Tandur tile dust Concrete =
30.96 N/mm2.
2. For 20% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 32.29 N/mm2.
3. For 30% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 37.92 N/mm2.
4. For 40% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 38.33 N/mm2.
5. For 50% Tandur tile dust
Concrete = 33.27 N/mm2.
6.
DISCUSSION ON RESULTS
Particle
size distribution:-
Based on the
values of particle size gradation, the graph is drawn between quarry dust and
fine aggregate. Here the fineness of tandur tile dust and the fine aggregate
are studied.
Fig:
6.1.Particle size distribution of sand and tandur tile dust
From the above graph it is observed
that the % of fineness of tandur tile dust is more when compared to the fine
aggregate. The fineness modulus of tandur tile dust and fine aggregate are 2.02
and 3.40.
FRESH
CONCRETE:
WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE:
From
the figure it is observed that, as the percentage of tandur tile dust
increases, the workability of concrete decreases. As the water cement ratio
decreases, the workability decreases. Manufactured sand consumes high amount of
water to satisfy the workability. Not only the compaction factor but also the
slump values have shown the same declination.
Fig.
Compaction factor for various percentages of Tandur tile dust for w/c 0.45
Fig:
6.3.Compaction factor for various percentages
of tandur tile dust for w/c 0.5
HARDENED
CONCRETE:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
(CUBES):
Variation of
compressive strength with conventional concrete and tandur tile dust concrete
is shown in the figure. It is observed that the variation is about 10-15%
increment of compressive strength for tandur tile dust concrete (40%) when
compared to conventional concrete.
It is noticed that,
as the percentage of tandur tile dust increases, the compressive strength
values increases. The partial replacement of Tandur tile Dust with sand gave a
28 days peak compressive strength at 40% replacement level and decreases for
50% replacement. The graph shows that the compressive strength relation for
both conventional concrete and tandur tile dust concrete, at the age of 28days
for M20, M25, M30 grade of concrete for different w/c ratios of 0.45 and 0.5.
Fig:
6.4.Compressive strength of concrete for w/c
0.45
From the graph it is observed that the compressive
strength increases up to 40% of tandur tile dust and then decreases for 50%.
Maximum strength is obtained for M20 grade concrete than other two grades i.e.,
M25 and M30.
Fig
6.5: Compressive strength of concrete for w/c
0.5
Increase in compressive strength
associated with partial replacement of sand with tandur tile dust can be
attributed to frictional resistance’s component’s contribution to compressive
strength arising from the rough and irregular nature of tandur tile dust
particles that fills the voids between the gravel and sand particles while
cement binds the components together. Strength obtained with the use of only
river sand as fine aggregate and river gravel as coarse aggregate is dependent
more on the bonding strength of cement that fills the voids between the coarse
aggregate and the river sand particles as its frictional resistance
contribution to strength is less due to smooth and rounded nature of river
gravel and sand particles used as coarse and fine aggregate respectively.
7. CONCLUSIONS
The concept of
replacement of natural fine aggregate by tandur tile dust highlighted in the
present investigation could boost the consumption of generated tile dust, thus
reducing the requirement of land fill area and conserving the scarcely
available natural sand sustainable development. Thus this reduces the burden of dumping excess waste of
tile dust on earth and hence environmental pollution.
From the results of experimental
investigations conducted it is concluded that the tandur tile dust can be used
as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 40% replacement of fine
aggregate by tandur tile dust give maximum result in strength than conventional
concrete and then decreases for 50%. The results proved that up to 40%
replacement of fine aggregate by the quarry dust induced higher compressive
strength and the workability of concrete decreases as replacement increases.
Thus the environmental effects and waste can be significantly reduced. Also the
cost of fine aggregate can be reduced a lot by the replacement of this waste
material.
It is found that the strength of concrete is more for w/c of 0.45 when
compared with w/c of 0.5. As the quantity of water increases the compressive
strength decreases when replaced with tandur tile dust. This is due to the water absorption property of tandur
tile dust.
REFERENCES
1. 1. IS 516: 1959, Indian standards method of test for
strength of concrete.
2. IS 2386: 1963, (Part I to Part VIII) Indian standard Methods
of test for aggregate for concrete.
3. IS 383: 1970, Indian standards specification for coarse
and Fine aggregate from natural source for concrete.
4. IS 10262: 1982, Indian standards recommended Guidelines
for concrete mix design.
5. IS 12269: 1987, Specification for 53 grade ordinary
Portland cement.
6. Prachoom Khamput,
Journal of Engineering, RMUTT Volume 3 Issue 6, July - December 2005 conducted
experiments on a study of compressive strength of concrete
used quarry dust to replace sand.
7. NORAZILA
BINTI KAMARULZAMAN November 2010 conducted experiments on
investigation on effect of quarry dust as sand replacement on compressive and
flexural strength of foam concrete.
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